The content theories cannot entirely explain what motivate or demotivate us. Content theories of motivation also referred to as needs theories focus on the needs that motivate behavior. Reinforcement theory expectancy theory equity theory goal setting maslows hierarchy of needs physiological esteem social safety selfactualization. Maslows need hierarchy alderfers erg theory mccllellands learned needs herzbergs two factor theory process theories of motivation. Pdf comparison of process theories to content theories in. Content theories of motivation organizational behavior. All process theories share the notion that employees diverse needs and cognitive process should be given attention lynne, 2012.
Quit chapter start contents video chapter end web site. When these needs are not satisfied, humans are motivated to satisfy the need. The aim of this paper is to compare and contrast the theories of motivation and how they are used to inspire employees to develop the drive to achieve. Motivation theories are used to understand, explain and. In this chapter, content and processrelated theories of work motivation are. Whereas the content theories concentrate on the question of what motivates, the process theories address more the issues relating to how the process works and sustains itself over time, such as factors that determine the degree of effort, the continuation of effort, the modification of effort, etc. The process that allow us to motivate people to do some specific job is called the process of motivation. These theories focus on the mechanism by which we choose a target, and the effort that we exert to hit the.
Theories of motivation and their application in organizations. Mar 11, 2016 process cognitive theories of motivation 1 reinforcement theory argues that the behaviour that results in rewarding consequences is likely to be repeated. The psychological and behavioral processes that motivate a person to act in a particular way are referred to as process theories of motivation. Process theories of motivation linkedin slideshare. Doc theories of motivation content and process theories the.
Motivation is the result of the interaction between an individual and a situation. Motivation theories content theories of motivation. In the field of organizational behavioral studies, there are two different categories called content theories also known as need. In all enterprises whether private or state owned, motivation plays a key role in driving employees towards achieving their goals, organizational goals and to a certain extent the dreams of their nations. Management concepts and organisational behaviour module. Adams equity show more content an example is that an employee with large income is less likely to be motivated by money, and will be highly motivated by career development and social needs. M otivation theories can be divided into three categories. These theories are related to the studies of human.
Jul 09, 2017 the distinction between content and process theories of motivation. These theories are related to the studies of human needs and mechanism of their influence on the process of motivation. Motivation theories seek to explain why employees are motivated by and satisfied with one type of work than another. Instead, process based theories view motivation as a rational process. We will use here a modified version of this classification. There, two significant, theories of motivation content and process.
Some of the most important theories of motivation are as follows. The strength and weaknesses of content and process theories. Motivation is a process that starts with a physiological or psychological need that. Pdf motivation theories have been classified into process theory and content theory in the literature. Within the work environment they have had the greatest impact on management practice and policy, whilst within academic circles they are the least accepted. Oct 26, 2014 difference between content theory and process theory is that, content theory emphasizes on the reasons for changing the human needs frequently while process theory focuses on the psychological processes which affect motivation, with regard to the expectations, goals, and perceptions of equity. These theories focus on the mechanism by which we choose a target, and the effort that we exert to hit the target. Describe a content theory of motivation, and compare and contrast the main content theories of motivation. This article explores how different theories of motivation can be utilized by organizations to. Put simply, this is all about how peoples needs influence and drive their behaviour.
These theories are more concerned with how behavior is initiated, directed and sustained. According to this theory motivation of any individual depends on the desired goal and strength of his expectation of achieving. There is no universally accepted theory of motivation. According to selfdetermination theory, skilled workers who are given a chance to hone their skills and the freedom to practice their craft will be intrinsically motivated.
Process theories of motivation are about a cognitive rational process and concentrate on the psychological and behavioural processes that motivate an individual. Motivation theories are classified as either content or process. The behaviour of an individual at a particular moment is usually. Instead, processbased theories view motivation as a rational process. Motivation process is universal, all people are motivated to pursue goals they value. We have appreciated earlier the importance of motivation in determining human behaviour. It states to reward the individual in case of performance and give punishments in case of nonperformance. The content theories deal with what motivates people, whereas the process theories deal with, how motivation occurs. The basic premise of content theories is that humans have. In a historical perspective, the content theories tend to be the earliest theories of motivation or later modifications of early theories. Thus, theories of motivation can be broadly classified as. Concepts definition the content and process theories of motivation provide human resource managers with the basic understanding of personal needs deficiencies, and how these needs can be. Essay about process and content theory of motivation and. It is essential that mangers have a basic understanding of work motivation because.
In this case the needs mean physiological or psychological sense of lack. Not one process fits all individuals, and leaders and administrators in the public sector should look to use content theories as a way of identifying what makes individuals tick, and subsequently look to process theories as a way of beginning a way to motivate them. The major process theories of job satisfaction and motivation are. A risk analysis 47 namely, relatedness being esteemsocial needs, then growth being selfactualization and existence which is. Two such theories are expectancy theory and equity theory. Content and process theories of motivation pdf free download. The content theories find the answer to what motivates an individual and is concerned with individual needs and wants. Adams equity show more content an example is that an employee with large income is less.
Mar 01, 2019 content and process theories of motivation syed ali abbas abidi. In essence, these theories examine how a persons needs will affect his behavior in order to achieve a goal related to those needs. Process theories of motivation attempt to explain this aspect of motivation by focusing on the intensity of motivation as well as its direction. Motivation theories can be classified broadly into two different. Process theories are concerned with how motivation occurs, and what kind of process can influence our motivation. Essay about process and content theory of motivation and how. Process theories attempt to explain the thought processes of individuals who demonstrate motivated behavior. Chapter 5 contemporary theories of motivation integrating. The content and process theories of motivation provide human resource managers with the basic understanding of personal needs deficiencies, and how these needs can be transformed into motivated behavior.
The basic premise of content theories is that humans have needs. The content theories of work motivation attempt to determine what it is that motivates the people at work. The process of motivation, involves choosing between alternative forms of actions in order to achieve some desired end or goal. Contentbased theories contentbased theories of motivation based on identification of the internal motives that make people act in a certain way.
It states to reward the individual in case of performance and give punishments in case. The content theories are concerned with identifying the needs that people have and how needs are. Process theories of motivation try to explain why behaviors are initiated. They are concerned with types of incentives that drive people to attain need fulfillment. Earlier, it was discussed that theories of motivation, dealing with content, seek to find what it is that. The distinction between content and process theories.
Individuals analyze their environment, develop thoughts and feelings, and react in certain ways. Process theories of motivation organizational behavior. Simply stated, employees have needs, and process theories seek to. The work motivation theories can be broadly classified as content theories and process theories. The content theories of motivation in a historical perspective, the content theories tend to be the earliest theories of motivation or later modifications of early theories.
Motivation theories also explain how to influence ones direction to behavior. What is the difference between the content and process. The content theories are concerned with identifying the needs that people have and how needs are prioritized. A process theory define motivation as a rational cognitive process occurring within the individual e. Doc theories of motivation content and process theories. Motivation is the process that account for an individuals intensity, direction and persistence of effort toward attaining a goal. This theory in the process theories of motivation, was presented well back during the industrial revolution. The use of both content and process theories must be put into practice to motivate employees effectively.
Process theories of motivation stars university of. Content and process theories of motivation youtube. They are the process theories and the content theories. These theories provide insight into what motivates people to act a certain way in a particular setting and are popular in business management. A classic taxonomy of motivation theories is to group them into two main sets.
Process theories are concerned with the thought processes that influence behaviour. Content and process theories of motivation free essays. There are many theories of motivation, and they mostly give a relation or influence the outcomes of employee job satisfaction. We can also have process theories, which are concerned with the thought processes that influence our behaviour. Following theorists have given their theories of motivation in content perspective. Content and process theories of motivation free essay example. Process theories place emphasis on the actual process of motivation.
There indeed are other content and process theories apart from this model of herzberg. The major process theories of job satisfaction and motivation are vrooms expectancy theory, adams equity theory, lockes goalsetting theory, and skinners reinforcement theory. Content theories of motivation are one of the types of motivation theory. Difference between content theory and process theory. Content theory vs process theory difference between content theory and process theory is that, content theory emphasizes on the reasons for changing the human needs frequently while process theory focuses on the psychological processes which affect motivation, with regard to the expectations, goals, and perceptions of equity. Not one process fits all individuals, and leaders and administrators in the public sector should look to use content theories as a way of identifying what makes. Oct 16, 2015 the process that allow us to motivate people to do some specific job is called the process of motivation. Process theories of motivation how personal needs drive. Whereas the content theories concentrate on the question of what motivates, the process theories address more the issues relating to how the process works and. Motivation is generally understood as the drive or the desire to do things.
Early and modern theories of motivation allow a manager to find the reasons for peoples actions, desires, and needs. The diagonal model of job satisfaction and motivation. Motivation theories are classified as either content or process theories. The distinction between content and process theories of motivation.
Sometimes financial rewards motivate people and sometimes it is just an inner drive to make a difference. Theoriesof motivation content theories of work motivation. According to selfdetermination theory, skilled workers who. In the field of organizational behavioral studies, there are two different categories called content theories also known as need theory and process theories. Process theories are used to explain how decisions are made how software is designed and how software processes are improved. Badubi school of management, wuhan university of technology, wuhan, p. As a result, wsds are found to be supportive towards content theo ry more than towards process theory. The process theories on the other hand explore how behavior is caused, sustained or stopped by the motivational factors. Maslows hierarchy of needs, alderfers erg theory, herzbergs motivator hygiene theory, and mcclellands learned. The main difference between content and process theories is that content theory focuses on individual needs, while process theory focuses on behavior. We can distinguish between contentand processmotivation theories.
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