The middle east remains the region with the highest concentration of authoritarian regimes. With so many problems, it is difficult to know where to begin to address them and what roles outside actors, including the united states, should play. Eva bellins chapter on coercive institutions is one of the best in the book since she offers four explanations for the robustness of the regions security apparatuses rentierism, patrimonialism, international support, and the degree of popular mobilization thus integrating many of the common arguments into one unified explanation. Survival and political liberalization in a middle eastern regime type mamoun fandy, saudi arabia and the politics of dissent new york.
View notes reconsidering the robustness of authoritarianism in the middle east lessons from the arab spring from poli sci 10 at merced college. Structural conditions and causal processes revisited ms. Up g r a d i n g au thoritarianism in t h e ar a b wo r l d st e v e n he y d e m a n n analysis paper number, october 2007 th e br o o k i n g s in s t i t u t i o n 1775 massach u set ts av e. My 2012 book the arab uprising dedicated an entire chapter to demonstrating how each previous. Elections and distributive politics in mubaraks egypt. However, the larger part of the middle eastern countries is still ruled by autocrats.
Reconsidering the robustness of authoritarianism in the middle east lessons from the arab spring eva bellin valeriia gladkaia, uco 454490. Authoritarian power and state formation in ba thist syria. This process is experimental and the keywords may be updated as the learning algorithm improves. Exceptionalism in comparative perspective explanations of the robustness of. Request pdf the robustness of authoritarianism in the middle east. Reconsidering the robustness of authoritarianism in the middle east lessons from the arab spring eva bellin the arab spring has proven astonishing and exhilarating to middle east analysts and activists alike. Exceptionalism in comparative perspective, comparative politics, 36 2, pp. Authoritarianism in the middle east addresses this question, focusing on the role of political institutions and the strategic choices made by both rulers and opposition challengers. Among these, the crucial ones were internal cohesion in relation to the masses and postrevolt survival in relation to the regime. Lessons from the arab spring the events of the arab spring have suggested the necessity of rethinking the logic. In fact, the people of jordan, bahrain and yemen have enjoyed a more liberal political government bellin, 2008. Up g r a d i n g au thoritarianism in t h e ar a b wo r l d.
Middle east comparative international development authoritarian regime. In the wake of 911 and subsequent developments in the middle east, scholars have focused their attention on the potential effect of islam on democracy. Explaining middle eastern authoritarianism marcus noland marcus noland, senior fellow, has been associated with the institute since 1985. Iraq, libya, syria and tunisia jason brownlee elite fragmentation in iran. Authoritarianism and its adversaries in the arab world by jill crystal kevin dwyer. Pdf reconsidering the robustness of authoritarianism in the. Persistence of authoritarianism in the middle east and. Reconsidering the robustness of authoritarianism in the middle east. Democracy and authoritarianism in the middle east 22 dec 2009 introduction over the past few decades and especially at the turn of the century, there has been a flurry of reforms proposed and passed by governments in the middle east, seeking to of modernization, as well as promising progress towards a more democratic, politicallyopen society. The united states is also trying to formulate a second, more gradual track of democracy promotion for the authoritarian and semiauthoritarian arab states that make up the rest of the region. Republics and monarchies, formal and informal participation, patronclient relationships, the social contract in the middle east. Mcguire anne mariel peters department of government wesleyan university 238 church street middletown, ct, 064590019.
However eva bellins paper the robustness of authoritarianism in the middle east argues that none of those factors seem to adequately explain the situation in the middle east, especially in light of the relative success of democracy in places like subsaharan africa. Pdf lecture critique eva bellin, the robustness of. Much of the research on authoritarian durability in the middle east had focused. There are different taxonomies of cultures, each proposed by a different thinker, and not neccessarily these classifications should contradict each other. Eva bellin summary bellins article argues that while the lack of necessary prerequisites for democracy can have a role in explaining why middleeastern countries have not transitioned to democracy, a better explanation is found in that these. Ralph myers scientific essay politics international politics region. The roots of authoritarianism in the middle east springerlink. Reconsidering the robustness of authoritarianism in the. Bellin, eva 2004 the robustness of authoritarianism in the middle east. What effect do religion and culture have on the dueling forces of democracy and authoritarianism.
Persistence of authoritarianism in the middle east and north africa subtitle rentierism. Assad regime resilience during the syrian civil war an. The measure of the level of democracy in nations throughout the world published by freedom house and various other freedom indices, the middle eastern and north african countries with the highest scores are israel. Authoritarian democracy and democratic authoritarianism jon b. The papers in this collection offer a sharp, comprehensive, and acute look at the resurgence and persistence of the arab authoritarian state.
Request pdf reconsidering the robustness of authoritarianism in the middle east. Jul, 2011 middle east centre public lecture democracy, authoritarianism and regime change in the arab world professor lisa anderson provost, american university in cairo london school of economics and political science wednesday july 2011 check against delivery. Oct 15, 2007 authoritarianism in the arab world is not what it used to be. Democratic transitions in the arab world edited by ibrahim. This classic question in the social sciences has generated intense controversy in recent years. A more extensive study on this topic has been published as lutterbeck, derek, 2011. Middle east security report 10 malikis authoritarian regime marisa sullivan april 20 today, political and military power in iraq is highly centralized in the prime minister malikis personal office. Is authoritarianism an endemic feature of middle eastern. The new authoritarianism in the middle east and north africa. Exceptionalism in comparative perspective, 36 comp. Reconsidering the robustness of authoritarianism in. Reconsidering the robustness of authoritarianism in the middle.
Name institution course instructor date the robustness of authoritarianism in the middle east bellin wrote an article describing the causes that have prevented the middle studentshare our website is a unique platform where students can share their papers in a. Democratization and the problem of legitimacy in middle east politics presidential address 1987 mesa bulletin. Through a unique collection of essays drawn from rich case studies, authoritarianism in the middle east provides important insights into the ongoing instabilities of the middle east, and the authoritarianism and democratisation processes that have led to dramatic sociopolitical transformations. Exceptionalism in comparative perpsective, comparative politics, vol. Explanations of the robustness of authoritarianism in the middle east and north africa have focused on absent prerequisites of democratization in the region, including weak civil society, state. He formerly worked as middle east analyst for the international crisis group based in beirut 20022005. Reconsidering the robustness of authoritarianism in the middle east lessons learned from the arab spring by eva bellin 2012 outline. April 20 marisa sullivan middle east security report 10. Middle east comparative international development authoritarian regime arab world political violence these keywords were added by machine and not by the authors. Democracy, authoritarianism and regime change in the arab. For scholars of the middle east, this renewed interest in authoritarianism offered important opportunities to reconnect to broader comparative debates in the disciplines and, as we showed earlier in this chapter, to develop important insights into the political, economic, and social dynamics of persistent authoritarian regimes. The how and why of authoritarianism the mechanics of authoritarian rule.
Programs in political science, city university of new york is collaborating with jstor to digitize, preserve and extend access to comparative politics. The array of challenges facing the middle east terrorism and extremism. Bellin reconsidering the robustness of authoritarianism. Starting in tunisia and spreading quickly to egypt, bahrain, yemen, libya, syria and beyond, a wave of political protest, unprecedented in scope and ambition, swept the region. These efforts to bring the middle east back in to the study of political reform and democratic transitions bore fruition, significantly, with the january 2004 publication of a special issue of comparative politics, a leading journal, devoted to the durability of authoritarianism in the middle east. The robustness of authoritarianism in the middle east researchgate. Persistence of authoritarianism in the middle east and north. The robustness of authoritarianism in the middle east scholars at.
The authors eschew cultural explanations, highlighting instead the importance of robust coercive apparatuses in the region and the context of incumbentopposition. In short, there are a large number of factors which make establishing democratic systems in the middle east very difficult, but the decisive factor seems to be that the authoritarian governments in the middle east are just really good at staying in power. The arab spring has proven astonishing and exhilarating to middle east analysts and activists alike. Authoritarian regimes and their perpetuation in the middle. While on the other hand, the second process involves a much more particularistic set of realistic.
Conclusion 1 introduction about the author 2 summary for the text and its main arguments the thesis and the main. Looking in depth at two states that have had significantly different outcomes from the uprisings tunisia and bahrain the article analyses the. Authoritarianism in the middle east university of washington. Events in the middle east warrant going back to that article because. Reconsidering durability of authoritarian regime and possibilities of democratization in tunisia yaar, nebahat msc. The robustness of authoritarianism in the middle east essay. Why does authoritarianism tend to persist in the middle east. Name institution course instructor date the robustness of authoritarianism in the middle east bellin wrote an article describing the causes that have prevented the middle studentshare our website is a unique platform where students can share their papers in a matter of giving an example of the work to be done.
As long as these authoritarian regimes are able to so effectively hold onto power, the allimportant transition to democracy cannot occur. Democracy in the middle east and north africa wikipedia. Eva bellin, the robustness of authoritarianism in the middle east. Authoritarianism and its adversaries in the arab world. Meliha altunk july 2014, 146 pages this thesis analyzes the variables. This article builds upon the author s previous article, the robustness of authoritarianism in the middle east, comparative politics, 36 january 2004. Middle east centre public lecture democracy, authoritarianism and regime change in the arab world professor lisa anderson provost, american university in cairo london school of economics and political science wednesday july 2011 check against delivery for decadescertainly since the fall of the berlin wall, and for some among the older of. Roots, ramifications, and crisis noureddine jebnoun, mehrdad kia, mimi kirk while the arab uprisings have overturned the idea of arab exceptionalism, or the acceptance of authoritarianism, better analysis of authoritarianism s resilience in pre and postuprising scenarios is still needed. Excerpted from authoritarianism in the middle east.
Alterman friday, may 29, 2009 for a part of the world that doesnt have a lot of freedom, the middle east certainly has. Data associated with anne mariel peters and james w. Starting in tunisia and spreading quickly to egypt, bahrain. I believe they are all explaining the same phenomenon from a different angle or just measuri. College dublin city university course international relations grade 75% author ralph myers author year 2009 pages 12 catalog number v159578 isbn ebook 9783640773725 isbn book 9783640773640 file size. This article builds upon the authors previous article, the robustness of authoritarianism in the middle east, comparative politics, 36 january 2004. Whether youve loved the book or not, if you give your honest and detailed thoughts then people will find new books that are right for them. From a historical perspective, the authoritarian resurgence should not be a great surprise. Persistence of authoritarianism in the middle east and north africa rentierism. Accordingly, scholars have devoted significant attention to the issue, examining the methods of state control enabling authoritarian regime survival. Geopolitics and democracy in the middle east the web site cannot. Through the past decade scholars analyzing the middle east and.
Other readers will always be interested in your opinion of the books youve read. Structural conditions and causal processes revisited data sources, descriptive statistics, robustness checks, and quantities of interest james w. Exceptionalism in comparative perspective, comparative politics 36. Indeed, it might well be stronger, more flexible, and more resilient than ever, despite the best efforts of the united states, its. Valeriia gladkaia, uco reconsidering the robustness of authoritarianism in the middle east. Democracy, authoritarianism and regime change in the arab world. Feb 09, 2018 there are different taxonomies of cultures, each proposed by a different thinker, and not neccessarily these classifications should contradict each other. Working paper 055 explaining middle eastern authoritarianism. On the one hand the first process triggers a universalistic set of events, processes and symbols. Introduction middle eastern politics has been largely dominated by authoritarian figureheads, but the regions have also experienced lenient governments and benevolent rulers.
The robustness of authoritarianism in the middle east. The national unity government that was formed in the wake of the 2010 parliamentary elections has given way to a defacto. He was a senior economist at the council of economic advisers in the executive office of the president of the united states and has held research or teaching. Thus, the solution to the puzzle of middle eastern and north african exceptional ism lies less in absent prerequisites of democratization and more in present condi tions that foster robust authoritarianism, specifically a robust coercive apparatus in these states. Response to eva bellin, ellen lust, and marc lynch. Springborg 1990 politics in the middle east, 3rd edn. Near east, near orient publish your bachelors or masters thesis, dissertation, term paper or essay. His research interests include middle east politics generally and syria, lebanon, and iraq in particular and focus on authoritarian governance, corruption, armed conflict, and refugee issues.
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